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+  HREF="node65.html">Voice allocation</A>
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+
+<H1><A NAME="SECTION00840000000000000000"></A>
+<A NAME="sect4.polyphony"></A>
+<BR>
+Polyphony
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+In music, the term
+<A NAME="4665"></A><I>polyphony</I>
+is usually used to mean ``more than one separate voices singing or playing at
+different pitches one from another".  When speaking of electronic musical
+instruments we use the term to mean ``maintaining several copies of some
+process in parallel." We usually call each copy a ``voice" in keeping with the
+analogy, although the voices needn't be playing separately distinguishable
+sounds.
+
+<P>
+In this language, a piano is a polyphonic instrument, with 88 ``voices".  Each
+voice of the piano is normally capable of playing exactly one pitch.  There
+is never a question of which voice to use to play a note of a given pitch,
+and no question, either, of playing several notes simultaneously at the
+same pitch.
+
+<P>
+Many polyphonic electronic musical instruments take a more flexible approach
+to voice management.  Most software synthesis programs (like Csound) use
+a dynamic voice allocation scheme, so that, in effect, a new voice is
+created for every note in the score.   In systems such as Max or Pd, which are
+oriented toward real-time interactive use, a
+<A NAME="4667"></A><I>voice bank</I> is allocated in advance, and the work to be done (playing
+notes, or whatever) is distributed among the voices in the bank.
+
+<P>
+
+<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig04.08"></A><A NAME="4671"></A>
+<TABLE>
+<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 4.8:</STRONG>
+A voice bank for polyphonic synthesis.</CAPTION>
+<TR><TD><IMG
+ WIDTH="146" HEIGHT="305" BORDER="0"
+ SRC="img371.png"
+ ALT="\begin{figure}\psfig{file=figs/fig04.08.ps}\end{figure}"></TD></TR>
+</TABLE>
+</DIV>
+
+<P>
+This is diagrammed in Figure <A HREF="#fig04.08">4.8</A>, where the several voices each
+produce one output signal, which are all added to make the total output of the
+voice bank.  Frequently the individual voices will need several
+separate outputs; for instance, they might output several channels so that
+they may be panned individually; or they might have individual effect
+sends so that each may have its own send level.
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+2006-12-30
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