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original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds |
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan |
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Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others --> |
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<TITLE>book</TITLE> |
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html210" |
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html206" |
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HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B> |
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html208" |
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HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B> |
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<BR> |
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1] |
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<BR><HR> |
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"></A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html211" |
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HREF="node1.html">#1</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html212" |
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HREF="node2.html">#1</A> |
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</UL> |
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</UL> |
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<BR> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html213" |
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HREF="node3.html">#1</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html214" |
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HREF="node4.html">Contents</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html215" |
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HREF="node5.html">Foreword</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html216" |
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HREF="node6.html">Preface</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html217" |
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HREF="node7.html">Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html218" |
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HREF="node8.html">Measures of Amplitude</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html219" |
||||
HREF="node9.html">Units of Amplitude</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html220" |
||||
HREF="node10.html">Controlling Amplitude</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html221" |
||||
HREF="node11.html">Frequency</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html222" |
||||
HREF="node12.html">Synthesizing a sinusoid</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html223" |
||||
HREF="node13.html">Superposing Signals</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html224" |
||||
HREF="node14.html">Periodic Signals</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html225" |
||||
HREF="node15.html">About the Software Examples</A> |
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<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html226" |
||||
HREF="node16.html">Quick Introduction to Pd</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html227" |
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HREF="node17.html">How to find and run the examples</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html228" |
||||
HREF="node18.html">Examples</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html229" |
||||
HREF="node19.html">Constant amplitude scaler</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html230" |
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HREF="node20.html">Amplitude control in decibels</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html231" |
||||
HREF="node21.html">Smoothed amplitude control with an envelope generator</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html232" |
||||
HREF="node22.html">Major triad</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html233" |
||||
HREF="node23.html">Conversion between frequency and pitch</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html234" |
||||
HREF="node24.html">More additive synthesis</A> |
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</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html235" |
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HREF="node25.html">Exercises</A> |
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</UL> |
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<BR> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html236" |
||||
HREF="node26.html">Wavetables and samplers</A> |
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<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html237" |
||||
HREF="node27.html">The Wavetable Oscillator</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html238" |
||||
HREF="node28.html">Sampling</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html239" |
||||
HREF="node29.html">Enveloping samplers</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html240" |
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HREF="node30.html">Timbre stretching</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html241" |
||||
HREF="node31.html">Interpolation</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html242" |
||||
HREF="node32.html">Examples</A> |
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<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html243" |
||||
HREF="node33.html">Wavetable oscillator</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html244" |
||||
HREF="node34.html">Wavetable lookup in general</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html245" |
||||
HREF="node35.html">Using a wavetable as a sampler</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html246" |
||||
HREF="node36.html">Looping samplers</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html247" |
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HREF="node37.html">Overlapping sample looper</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html248" |
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HREF="node38.html">Automatic read point precession</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html249" |
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HREF="node39.html">Exercises</A> |
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</UL> |
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<BR> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html250" |
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HREF="node40.html">Audio and control computations</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html251" |
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HREF="node41.html">The sampling theorem</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html252" |
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HREF="node42.html">Control</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html253" |
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HREF="node43.html">Control streams</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html254" |
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HREF="node44.html">Converting from audio signals to numeric control streams</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html255" |
||||
HREF="node45.html">Control streams in block diagrams</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html256" |
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HREF="node46.html">Event detection</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html257" |
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HREF="node47.html">Audio signals as control</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html258" |
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HREF="node48.html">Operations on control streams</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html259" |
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HREF="node49.html">Control operations in Pd</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html260" |
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HREF="node50.html">Examples</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html261" |
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HREF="node51.html">Sampling and foldover</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html262" |
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HREF="node52.html">Converting controls to signals</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html263" |
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HREF="node53.html">Non-looping wavetable player</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html264" |
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HREF="node54.html">Signals to controls</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html265" |
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HREF="node55.html">Analog-style sequencer</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html266" |
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HREF="node56.html">MIDI-style synthesizer</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html267" |
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HREF="node57.html">Exercises</A> |
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</UL> |
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<BR> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html268" |
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HREF="node58.html">Automation and voice management</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html269" |
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HREF="node59.html">Envelope Generators</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html270" |
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HREF="node60.html">Linear and Curved Amplitude Shapes</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html271" |
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HREF="node61.html">Continuous and discontinuous control changes</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html272" |
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HREF="node62.html">Muting</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html273" |
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HREF="node63.html">Switch-and-ramp</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html274" |
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HREF="node64.html">Polyphony</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html275" |
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HREF="node65.html">Voice allocation</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html276" |
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HREF="node66.html">Voice tags</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html277" |
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HREF="node67.html">Encapsulation in Pd</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html278" |
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HREF="node68.html">Examples</A> |
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<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html279" |
||||
HREF="node69.html">ADSR envelope generator</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html280" |
||||
HREF="node70.html">Transfer functions for amplitude control</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html281" |
||||
HREF="node71.html">Additive synthesis: Risset's bell</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html282" |
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HREF="node72.html">Additive synthesis: spectral envelope control</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html283" |
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HREF="node73.html">Polyphonic synthesis: sampler</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html284" |
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HREF="node74.html">Exercises</A> |
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</UL> |
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<BR> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html285" |
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HREF="node75.html">Modulation</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html286" |
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HREF="node76.html">Taxonomy of spectra</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html287" |
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HREF="node77.html">Multiplying audio signals</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html288" |
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HREF="node78.html">Waveshaping</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html289" |
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HREF="node79.html">Frequency and phase modulation</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html290" |
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HREF="node80.html">Examples</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html291" |
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HREF="node81.html">Ring modulation and spectra</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html292" |
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HREF="node82.html">Octave divider and formant adder</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html293" |
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HREF="node83.html">Waveshaping and difference tones</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html294" |
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HREF="node84.html">Waveshaping using Chebychev polynomials</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html295" |
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HREF="node85.html">Waveshaping using an exponential function</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html296" |
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HREF="node86.html">Sinusoidal waveshaping: evenness and oddness</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html297" |
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HREF="node87.html">Phase modulation and FM</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html298" |
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HREF="node88.html">Exercises</A> |
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<BR> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html299" |
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HREF="node89.html">Designer spectra</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html300" |
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HREF="node90.html">Carrier/modulator model</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html301" |
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<UL> |
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HREF="node92.html">Pulse trains via waveshaping</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html303" |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html304" |
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HREF="node94.html">Resulting spectra</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html305" |
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HREF="node95.html">Movable ring modulation</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html306" |
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HREF="node96.html">Phase-aligned formant (PAF) generator</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html307" |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html308" |
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HREF="node98.html">Wavetable pulse train</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html309" |
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HREF="node99.html">Simple formant generator</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html310" |
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HREF="node100.html">Two-cosine carrier signal</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html311" |
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HREF="node101.html">The PAF generator</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html312" |
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HREF="node102.html">Stretched wavetables</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html313" |
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HREF="node103.html">Exercises</A> |
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</UL> |
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<BR> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html314" |
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HREF="node104.html">Time shifts and delays</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html315" |
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HREF="node105.html">Complex numbers</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html316" |
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HREF="node106.html">Complex sinusoids</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html317" |
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HREF="node107.html">Time shifts and phase changes</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html318" |
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HREF="node108.html">Delay networks</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html319" |
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HREF="node109.html">Recirculating delay networks</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html320" |
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HREF="node110.html">Power conservation and complex delay networks</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html321" |
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HREF="node111.html">Artificial reverberation</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html322" |
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HREF="node112.html">Controlling reverberators</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html323" |
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HREF="node113.html">Variable and fractional shifts</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html324" |
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HREF="node114.html">Fidelity of interpolating delay lines</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html325" |
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HREF="node115.html">Pitch shifting</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html326" |
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HREF="node116.html">Examples</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html327" |
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HREF="node117.html">Fixed, noninterpolating delay line</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html328" |
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HREF="node118.html">Recirculating comb filter</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html329" |
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HREF="node119.html">Variable delay line</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html330" |
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HREF="node120.html">Order of execution and lower limits on delay times</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html331" |
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HREF="node121.html">Order of execution in non-recirculating delay lines</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html332" |
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HREF="node122.html">Non-recirculating comb filter as octave doubler</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html333" |
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HREF="node123.html">Time-varying complex comb filter: shakers</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html334" |
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HREF="node124.html">Reverberator</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html335" |
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HREF="node125.html">Pitch shifter</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html336" |
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HREF="node126.html">Exercises</A> |
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</UL> |
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<BR> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html337" |
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HREF="node127.html">Filters</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html338" |
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HREF="node128.html">Taxonomy of filters</A> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html339" |
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HREF="node129.html">Low-pass and high-pass filters</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html340" |
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HREF="node130.html">Band-pass and stop-band filters</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html341" |
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HREF="node131.html">Equalizing filters</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html342" |
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HREF="node132.html">Elementary filters</A> |
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<UL> |
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HREF="node133.html">Elementary non-recirculating filter</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html344" |
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HREF="node134.html">Non-recirculating filter, second form</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html345" |
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HREF="node135.html">Elementary recirculating filter</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html346" |
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HREF="node136.html">Compound filters</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html347" |
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HREF="node137.html">Real outputs from complex filters</A> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html348" |
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HREF="node138.html">Two recirculating filters for the price of one</A> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html349" |
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HREF="node139.html">Designing filters</A> |
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<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html350" |
||||
HREF="node140.html">One-pole low-pass filter</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html351" |
||||
HREF="node141.html">One-pole, one-zero high-pass filter</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html352" |
||||
HREF="node142.html">Shelving filter</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html353" |
||||
HREF="node143.html">Band-pass filter</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html354" |
||||
HREF="node144.html">Peaking and stop-band filter</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html355" |
||||
HREF="node145.html">Butterworth filters</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html356" |
||||
HREF="node146.html">Stretching the unit circle with rational functions</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html357" |
||||
HREF="node147.html">Butterworth band-pass filter</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html358" |
||||
HREF="node148.html">Time-varying coefficients</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html359" |
||||
HREF="node149.html">Impulse responses of recirculating filters</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html360" |
||||
HREF="node150.html">All-pass filters</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html361" |
||||
HREF="node151.html">Applications</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html362" |
||||
HREF="node152.html">Subtractive synthesis</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html363" |
||||
HREF="node153.html">Envelope following</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html364" |
||||
HREF="node154.html">Single Sideband Modulation</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html365" |
||||
HREF="node155.html">Examples</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html366" |
||||
HREF="node156.html">Prefabricated low-, high-, and band-pass filters</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html367" |
||||
HREF="node157.html">Prefabricated time-varying band-pass filter</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html368" |
||||
HREF="node158.html">Envelope followers</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html369" |
||||
HREF="node159.html">Single sideband modulation</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html370" |
||||
HREF="node160.html">Using elementary filters directly: shelving and peaking</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html371" |
||||
HREF="node161.html">Making and using all-pass filters</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html372" |
||||
HREF="node162.html">Exercises</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<BR> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html373" |
||||
HREF="node163.html">Fourier analysis and resynthesis</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html374" |
||||
HREF="node164.html">Fourier analysis of periodic signals</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html375" |
||||
HREF="node165.html">Periodicity of the Fourier transform</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html376" |
||||
HREF="node166.html">Fourier transform as additive synthesis</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html377" |
||||
HREF="node167.html">Properties of Fourier transforms</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html378" |
||||
HREF="node168.html">Fourier transform of DC</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html379" |
||||
HREF="node169.html">Shifts and phase changes</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html380" |
||||
HREF="node170.html">Fourier transform of a sinusoid</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html381" |
||||
HREF="node171.html">Fourier analysis of non-periodic signals</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html382" |
||||
HREF="node172.html">Fourier analysis and reconstruction of audio signals</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html383" |
||||
HREF="node173.html">Narrow-band companding</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html384" |
||||
HREF="node174.html">Timbre stamping (classical vocoder)</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html385" |
||||
HREF="node175.html">Phase</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html386" |
||||
HREF="node176.html">Phase relationships between channels</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html387" |
||||
HREF="node177.html">Phase bashing</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html388" |
||||
HREF="node178.html">Examples</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html389" |
||||
HREF="node179.html">Fourier analysis and resynthesis in Pd</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html390" |
||||
HREF="node180.html">Narrow-band companding: noise suppression</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html391" |
||||
HREF="node181.html">Timbre stamp (``vocoder")</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html392" |
||||
HREF="node182.html">Phase vocoder time bender</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html393" |
||||
HREF="node183.html">Exercises</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<BR> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html394" |
||||
HREF="node184.html">Classical waveforms</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html395" |
||||
HREF="node185.html">Symmetries and Fourier series</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html396" |
||||
HREF="node186.html">Sawtooth waves and symmetry</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html397" |
||||
HREF="node187.html">Dissecting classical waveforms</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html398" |
||||
HREF="node188.html">Fourier series of the elementary waveforms</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html399" |
||||
HREF="node189.html">Sawtooth wave</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html400" |
||||
HREF="node190.html">Parabolic wave</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html401" |
||||
HREF="node191.html">Square and symmetric triangle waves</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html402" |
||||
HREF="node192.html">General (non-symmetric) triangle wave</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html403" |
||||
HREF="node193.html">Predicting and controlling foldover</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html404" |
||||
HREF="node194.html">Over-sampling</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html405" |
||||
HREF="node195.html">Sneaky triangle waves</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html406" |
||||
HREF="node196.html">Transition splicing</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html407" |
||||
HREF="node197.html">Examples</A> |
||||
<UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html408" |
||||
HREF="node198.html">Combining sawtooth waves</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html409" |
||||
HREF="node199.html">Strategies for band-limiting sawtooth waves</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html410" |
||||
HREF="node200.html">Exercises</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<BR> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html411" |
||||
HREF="node201.html">Index</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html412" |
||||
HREF="node202.html">Bibliography</A> |
||||
<LI><A NAME="tex2html413" |
||||
HREF="node203.html">About this document ...</A> |
||||
</UL> |
||||
<!--End of Table of Child-Links--> |
||||
<BR><HR> |
||||
<ADDRESS> |
||||
Miller Puckette |
||||
2006-12-30 |
||||
</ADDRESS> |
||||
</BODY> |
||||
</HTML> |
||||
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\relax |
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