replace '<A NAME=' with '<A ID='
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node96.html
58
node96.html
@@ -30,43 +30,43 @@ original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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<BODY >
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<!--Navigation Panel-->
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<A NAME="tex2html1981"
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<A ID="tex2html1981"
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HREF="node97.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
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SRC="next.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html1975"
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<A ID="tex2html1975"
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HREF="node89.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
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SRC="up.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html1969"
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<A ID="tex2html1969"
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HREF="node95.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
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SRC="prev.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html1977"
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<A ID="tex2html1977"
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HREF="node4.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
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SRC="contents.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html1979"
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<A ID="tex2html1979"
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HREF="node201.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
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SRC="index.png"></A>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1982"
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<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html1982"
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HREF="node97.html">Examples</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1976"
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<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html1976"
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HREF="node89.html">Designer spectra</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1970"
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<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html1970"
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HREF="node95.html">Movable ring modulation</A>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html1978"
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<B> <A ID="tex2html1978"
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HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html1980"
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<B> <A ID="tex2html1980"
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HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
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<BR>
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<BR>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION001040000000000000000"></A>
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<A NAME="sect6.paf"></A>
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<H1><A ID="SECTION001040000000000000000"></A>
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<A ID="sect6.paf"></A>
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<BR>
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Phase-aligned formant (PAF) generator
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</H1>
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@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Phase-aligned formant (PAF) generator
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<P>
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Combining the two-cosine carrier signal with the waveshaping pulse generator
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gives the
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<A NAME="6911"></A><I>phase-aligned formant</I>
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<A ID="6911"></A><I>phase-aligned formant</I>
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generator, usually called by its acronym, PAF. (The PAF is the subject of a
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1994 patent owned by IRCAM.) The combined formula is,
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<BR><P></P>
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@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ center frequency.
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<P>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig06.08"></A><A NAME="6919"></A>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig06.08"></A><A ID="6919"></A>
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<TABLE>
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<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 6.8:</STRONG>
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The PAF generator as a block diagram.</CAPTION>
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@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ quantity <IMG
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<P>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig06.09"></A><A NAME="7044"></A>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig06.09"></A><A ID="7044"></A>
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<TABLE>
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<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 6.9:</STRONG>
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Calculation of the time-varying parameters <IMG
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@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ synchronized to the phase of the original oscillator.
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<P>
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Having the oscillator's phase control the updating of its own frequency
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is an example of
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<A NAME="6933"></A><I>feedback</I>,
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<A ID="6933"></A><I>feedback</I>,
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which in general means using any process's output as one of its inputs.
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When processing digital audio signals at a fixed sample rate (as we're doing),
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it is never possible to have the process's <I>current</I> output as an input,
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@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ Figure <A HREF="#fig06.10">6.10</A>.
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<P>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig06.10"></A><A NAME="6939"></A>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig06.10"></A><A ID="6939"></A>
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<TABLE>
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<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 6.10:</STRONG>
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Block diagram for making a spectrum with two formants using the PAF
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@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ upward there.
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<P>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig06.11"></A><A NAME="6945"></A>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig06.11"></A><A ID="6945"></A>
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<TABLE>
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<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 6.11:</STRONG>
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Spectrum from a two-formant PAF generator.</CAPTION>
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@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ specific desired effects.
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<P>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig06.11"></A><A NAME="6952"></A>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig06.11"></A><A ID="6952"></A>
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<TABLE>
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<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 6.12:</STRONG>
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Spectrum from a two-formant PAF generator.</CAPTION>
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@@ -424,36 +424,36 @@ Spectrum from a two-formant PAF generator.</CAPTION>
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<P>
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<HR>
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<!--Navigation Panel-->
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<A NAME="tex2html1981"
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<A ID="tex2html1981"
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HREF="node97.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
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SRC="next.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html1975"
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<A ID="tex2html1975"
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HREF="node89.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
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SRC="up.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html1969"
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<A ID="tex2html1969"
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HREF="node95.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
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SRC="prev.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html1977"
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<A ID="tex2html1977"
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HREF="node4.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
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SRC="contents.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html1979"
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<A ID="tex2html1979"
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HREF="node201.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
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SRC="index.png"></A>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1982"
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<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html1982"
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HREF="node97.html">Examples</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1976"
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<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html1976"
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HREF="node89.html">Designer spectra</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1970"
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<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html1970"
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HREF="node95.html">Movable ring modulation</A>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html1978"
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<B> <A ID="tex2html1978"
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HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html1980"
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<B> <A ID="tex2html1980"
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HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<ADDRESS>
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