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replace '<A NAME=' with '<A ID='

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Lucas Cordiviola
2022-04-12 23:32:40 -03:00
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@@ -30,50 +30,50 @@ original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
<BODY >
<!--Navigation Panel-->
<A NAME="tex2html665"
<A ID="tex2html665"
HREF="node9.html">
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
SRC="next.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html659"
<A ID="tex2html659"
HREF="node7.html">
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
SRC="up.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html653"
<A ID="tex2html653"
HREF="node7.html">
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
SRC="prev.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html661"
<A ID="tex2html661"
HREF="node4.html">
<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
SRC="contents.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html663"
<A ID="tex2html663"
HREF="node201.html">
<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
SRC="index.png"></A>
<BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html666"
<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html666"
HREF="node9.html">Units of Amplitude</A>
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html660"
<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html660"
HREF="node7.html">Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html654"
<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html654"
HREF="node7.html">Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency</A>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html662"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html662"
HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html664"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html664"
HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
<BR>
<BR>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00510000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="sect1.amplitude"></A>
<H1><A ID="SECTION00510000000000000000"></A>
<A ID="sect1.amplitude"></A>
<BR>
Measures of Amplitude
</H1>
<P>
The most fundamental property of a digital audio signal is its
<A NAME="1038"></A>amplitude. Unfortunately, a signal's amplitude has no one canonical
<A ID="1038"></A>amplitude. Unfortunately, a signal's amplitude has no one canonical
definition.
Strictly speaking, all the samples in a digital audio signal are themselves
amplitudes, and we also spoke of the amplitude <IMG
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ amplitudes, and we also spoke of the amplitude <IMG
It is useful to have measures
of amplitude for digital audio signals in general. Amplitude
is best thought of as applying to a
<A NAME="1039"></A><I>window</I>, a fixed range of samples of the signal. For instance, the
<A ID="1039"></A><I>window</I>, a fixed range of samples of the signal. For instance, the
window starting at sample <IMG
WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img86.png"
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ x[M], x[M+1], \ldots, x[M+N-1]
<BR CLEAR="ALL">
<P></P>
The two most frequently used measures of amplitude are the
<A NAME="1041"></A><A NAME="1042"></A><I>peak amplitude</I>, which is simply the greatest sample (in absolute value)
<A ID="1041"></A><A ID="1042"></A><I>peak amplitude</I>, which is simply the greatest sample (in absolute value)
over the window:
<BR><P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ over the window:
<BR CLEAR="ALL">
<P></P>
and the
<A NAME="1046"></A><I>root mean square</I> (RMS) amplitude:
<A ID="1046"></A><I>root mean square</I> (RMS) amplitude:
<BR><P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<!-- MATH
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ where <IMG
WIDTH="59" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
SRC="img90.png"
ALT="$P\{x[n]\}$"> is the mean
<A NAME="1050"></A><I>power</I>, defined as:
<A ID="1050"></A><I>power</I>, defined as:
<BR><P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<!-- MATH
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ never less than that.
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig01.02"></A><A NAME="1059"></A>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig01.02"></A><A ID="1059"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 1.2:</STRONG>
Root mean square (RMS) and peak amplitudes of signals compared.
@@ -232,36 +232,36 @@ of two digital audio signals.
<P>
<HR>
<!--Navigation Panel-->
<A NAME="tex2html665"
<A ID="tex2html665"
HREF="node9.html">
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
SRC="next.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html659"
<A ID="tex2html659"
HREF="node7.html">
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
SRC="up.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html653"
<A ID="tex2html653"
HREF="node7.html">
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
SRC="prev.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html661"
<A ID="tex2html661"
HREF="node4.html">
<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
SRC="contents.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html663"
<A ID="tex2html663"
HREF="node201.html">
<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
SRC="index.png"></A>
<BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html666"
<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html666"
HREF="node9.html">Units of Amplitude</A>
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html660"
<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html660"
HREF="node7.html">Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html654"
<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html654"
HREF="node7.html">Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency</A>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html662"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html662"
HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html664"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html664"
HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<ADDRESS>