replace '<A NAME=' with '<A ID='
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node7.html
94
node7.html
@@ -30,48 +30,48 @@ original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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<BODY >
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<!--Navigation Panel-->
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<A NAME="tex2html633"
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<A ID="tex2html633"
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HREF="node8.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
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SRC="next.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html627"
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<A ID="tex2html627"
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HREF="book.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
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SRC="up.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html621"
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<A ID="tex2html621"
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HREF="node6.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
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SRC="prev.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html629"
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<A ID="tex2html629"
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HREF="node4.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
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SRC="contents.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html631"
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<A ID="tex2html631"
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HREF="node201.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
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SRC="index.png"></A>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html634"
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<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html634"
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HREF="node8.html">Measures of Amplitude</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html628"
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<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html628"
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HREF="book.html">book</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html622"
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<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html622"
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HREF="node6.html">Preface</A>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html630"
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<B> <A ID="tex2html630"
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HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html632"
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<B> <A ID="tex2html632"
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HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
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<BR>
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<BR>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00500000000000000000">
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<H1><A ID="SECTION00500000000000000000">
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Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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Electronic music is usually made using a computer, by synthesizing or processing
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<A NAME="1011"></A><A NAME="1012"></A><A NAME="1013"></A><EM>digital audio signals</EM>. These are sequences of numbers,
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<A ID="1011"></A><A ID="1012"></A><A ID="1013"></A><EM>digital audio signals</EM>. These are sequences of numbers,
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<P>
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<BR><P></P>
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@@ -95,10 +95,10 @@ where the index <IMG
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WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img75.png"
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ALT="$n$">, called the
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<A NAME="1015"></A><I>sample number</I>, may range over some or all the integers. A single
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<A ID="1015"></A><I>sample number</I>, may range over some or all the integers. A single
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number in the sequence is called a <I>sample</I>.
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An example of a digital audio signal is the <I>Sinusoid</I>:
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<A NAME="eq-realsinusoid"></A>
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<A ID="eq-realsinusoid"></A>
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<BR><P></P>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
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<!-- MATH
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@@ -120,11 +120,11 @@ where <IMG
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WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img4.png"
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ALT="$a$"> is the
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<A NAME="1020"></A><EM>amplitude</EM>, <IMG
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<A ID="1020"></A><EM>amplitude</EM>, <IMG
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WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img27.png"
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ALT="$\omega $"> is the
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<A NAME="1022"></A><EM>angular frequency</EM>, and
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<A ID="1022"></A><EM>angular frequency</EM>, and
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<IMG
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WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img77.png"
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@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ one can be considered an idealization of it.
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<P>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig01.01"></A><A NAME="1028"></A>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig01.01"></A><A ID="1028"></A>
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<TABLE>
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<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 1.1:</STRONG>
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A digital audio signal, showing its discrete-time nature (part a), and
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@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ effects.
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<P>
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Digital audio signals do not have any intrinsic relationship with time, but
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to listen to them we must choose a
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<A NAME="1031"></A><I>sample rate</I>, usually given the variable name <IMG
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<A ID="1031"></A><I>sample rate</I>, usually given the variable name <IMG
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WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img36.png"
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ALT="$R$">, which is the number
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@@ -253,85 +253,85 @@ audio output is within the hardware's range [<A
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<P>
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<BR><HR>
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<A ID="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html635"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html635"
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HREF="node8.html">Measures of Amplitude</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html636"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html636"
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HREF="node9.html">Units of Amplitude</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html637"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html637"
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HREF="node10.html">Controlling Amplitude</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html638"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html638"
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HREF="node11.html">Frequency</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html639"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html639"
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HREF="node12.html">Synthesizing a sinusoid</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html640"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html640"
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HREF="node13.html">Superposing Signals</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html641"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html641"
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HREF="node14.html">Periodic Signals</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html642"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html642"
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HREF="node15.html">About the Software Examples</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html643"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html643"
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HREF="node16.html">Quick Introduction to Pd</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html644"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html644"
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HREF="node17.html">How to find and run the examples</A>
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</UL>
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<BR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html645"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html645"
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HREF="node18.html">Examples</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html646"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html646"
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HREF="node19.html">Constant amplitude scaler</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html647"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html647"
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HREF="node20.html">Amplitude control in decibels</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html648"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html648"
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HREF="node21.html">Smoothed amplitude control with an envelope generator</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html649"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html649"
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HREF="node22.html">Major triad</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html650"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html650"
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HREF="node23.html">Conversion between frequency and pitch</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html651"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html651"
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HREF="node24.html">More additive synthesis</A>
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</UL>
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<BR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html652"
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<LI><A ID="tex2html652"
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HREF="node25.html">Exercises</A>
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</UL>
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<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
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<HR>
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<!--Navigation Panel-->
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<A NAME="tex2html633"
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<A ID="tex2html633"
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HREF="node8.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
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SRC="next.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html627"
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<A ID="tex2html627"
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HREF="book.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
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SRC="up.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html621"
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<A ID="tex2html621"
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HREF="node6.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
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SRC="prev.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html629"
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<A ID="tex2html629"
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HREF="node4.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
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SRC="contents.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html631"
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<A ID="tex2html631"
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HREF="node201.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
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SRC="index.png"></A>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html634"
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<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html634"
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HREF="node8.html">Measures of Amplitude</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html628"
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<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html628"
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HREF="book.html">book</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html622"
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<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html622"
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HREF="node6.html">Preface</A>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html630"
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<B> <A ID="tex2html630"
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HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
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<B> <A NAME="tex2html632"
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<B> <A ID="tex2html632"
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HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<ADDRESS>
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