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replace '<A NAME=' with '<A ID='

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Lucas Cordiviola
2022-04-12 23:32:40 -03:00
parent 19822c017f
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@@ -30,42 +30,42 @@ original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
<BODY >
<!--Navigation Panel-->
<A NAME="tex2html2507"
<A ID="tex2html2507"
HREF="node130.html">
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
SRC="next.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html2501"
<A ID="tex2html2501"
HREF="node128.html">
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
SRC="up.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html2495"
<A ID="tex2html2495"
HREF="node128.html">
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
SRC="prev.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html2503"
<A ID="tex2html2503"
HREF="node4.html">
<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
SRC="contents.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html2505"
<A ID="tex2html2505"
HREF="node201.html">
<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
SRC="index.png"></A>
<BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2508"
<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html2508"
HREF="node130.html">Band-pass and stop-band filters</A>
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2502"
<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html2502"
HREF="node128.html">Taxonomy of filters</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2496"
<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html2496"
HREF="node128.html">Taxonomy of filters</A>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html2504"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html2504"
HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html2506"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html2506"
HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
<BR>
<BR>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<H2><A NAME="SECTION001211000000000000000">
<H2><A ID="SECTION001211000000000000000">
Low-pass and high-pass filters</A>
</H2>
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ Low-pass and high-pass filters</A>
By far the most frequent purpose for using a filter is extracting either
the low-frequency or the high-frequency portion of an audio signal, attenuating
the rest. This is accomplished using a
<A NAME="10062"></A><A NAME="10063"></A><I>low-pass</I> or
<A NAME="10065"></A><A NAME="10066"></A><I>high-pass</I>
<A ID="10062"></A><A ID="10063"></A><I>low-pass</I> or
<A ID="10065"></A><A ID="10066"></A><I>high-pass</I>
filter.
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig08.02"></A><A NAME="10070"></A>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig08.02"></A><A ID="10070"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 8.2:</STRONG>
Terminology for describing the frequency response of low-pass and
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ and computation time we put into it, the closer we can get.
Figure <A HREF="#fig08.02">8.2</A> shows the frequency response of a low-pass
filter. Frequency is divided into three bands, labeled on the
horizontal axis. The
<A NAME="10074"></A><I>passband</I>
<A ID="10074"></A><I>passband</I>
is the region (frequency band) where the filter should pass its input through
to its output with unit gain.
For a low-pass filter (as shown), the passband reaches from a frequency of
@@ -113,18 +113,18 @@ would appear on the right-hand side of the graph and would extend from the
frequency limit up to the highest frequency possible. Any
realizable filter's passband will be only approximately flat;
the deviation from flatness is called the
<A NAME="10076"></A><I>ripple</I>,
<A ID="10076"></A><I>ripple</I>,
and is often specified by giving the ratio between the highest and lowest gain
in the passband, expressed in decibels. The ideal low-pass or high-pass filter
would have a ripple of 0 dB.
<P>
The
<A NAME="10078"></A><I>stopband</I>
<A ID="10078"></A><I>stopband</I>
of a low-pass or high-pass filter is the frequency
band over which the filter is intended not to transmit its input.
The
<A NAME="10080"></A><I>stopband attenuation</I>
<A ID="10080"></A><I>stopband attenuation</I>
is the difference, in decibels, between the lowest gain in the passband
and the highest gain in the stopband. Ideally this would
be infinite; the higher the better.
@@ -134,42 +134,42 @@ Finally, a realizable filter, whose frequency response is always a
continuous function of frequency, must have a frequency
band over which the gain drops from the passband gain to the stopband
gain; this is called the
<A NAME="10082"></A><I>transition band</I>.
<A ID="10082"></A><I>transition band</I>.
The thinner this band can be made, the more nearly ideal the filter.
<P>
<HR>
<!--Navigation Panel-->
<A NAME="tex2html2507"
<A ID="tex2html2507"
HREF="node130.html">
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
SRC="next.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html2501"
<A ID="tex2html2501"
HREF="node128.html">
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
SRC="up.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html2495"
<A ID="tex2html2495"
HREF="node128.html">
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
SRC="prev.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html2503"
<A ID="tex2html2503"
HREF="node4.html">
<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
SRC="contents.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html2505"
<A ID="tex2html2505"
HREF="node201.html">
<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
SRC="index.png"></A>
<BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2508"
<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html2508"
HREF="node130.html">Band-pass and stop-band filters</A>
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2502"
<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html2502"
HREF="node128.html">Taxonomy of filters</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html2496"
<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html2496"
HREF="node128.html">Taxonomy of filters</A>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html2504"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html2504"
HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html2506"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html2506"
HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<ADDRESS>