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Lucas Cordiviola
2022-04-12 23:32:40 -03:00
parent 19822c017f
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@@ -30,43 +30,43 @@ original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
<BODY >
<!--Navigation Panel-->
<A NAME="tex2html721"
<A ID="tex2html721"
HREF="node13.html">
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
SRC="next.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html715"
<A ID="tex2html715"
HREF="node7.html">
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
SRC="up.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html709"
<A ID="tex2html709"
HREF="node11.html">
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
SRC="prev.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html717"
<A ID="tex2html717"
HREF="node4.html">
<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
SRC="contents.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html719"
<A ID="tex2html719"
HREF="node201.html">
<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
SRC="index.png"></A>
<BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html722"
<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html722"
HREF="node13.html">Superposing Signals</A>
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html716"
<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html716"
HREF="node7.html">Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html710"
<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html710"
HREF="node11.html">Frequency</A>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html718"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html718"
HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html720"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html720"
HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
<BR>
<BR>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00550000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="sect1.synth"></A>
<H1><A ID="SECTION00550000000000000000"></A>
<A ID="sect1.synth"></A>
<BR>
Synthesizing a sinusoid
</H1>
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ Synthesizing a sinusoid
In most widely used audio synthesis and processing packages (Csound, Max/MSP,
and Pd, for instance), the audio operations are specified as
networks of
<A NAME="1112"></A><I>unit generators</I>[<A
<A ID="1112"></A><I>unit generators</I>[<A
HREF="node202.html#r-mathews69">Mat69</A>] which pass audio signals among themselves. The user of
the software package specifies the network, sometimes called a
<A NAME="1115"></A><I>patch</I>,
<A ID="1115"></A><I>patch</I>,
which essentially corresponds to the synthesis algorithm to be used, and then
worries about how to control the various unit generators in time. In this
section, we'll use abstract block diagrams to describe patches, but in the
@@ -91,14 +91,14 @@ details.
To show how to produce a sinusoid with time-varying amplitude we'll need to
introduce two unit generators. First we need a pure sinusoid which is
made with an
<A NAME="1118"></A><I>oscillator</I>. Figure <A HREF="#fig01.05">1.5</A> (part a) shows a pictorial
<A ID="1118"></A><I>oscillator</I>. Figure <A HREF="#fig01.05">1.5</A> (part a) shows a pictorial
representation of
a sinusoidal oscillator as an icon. The input is a frequency (in cycles per second), and
the output is a sinusoid of peak amplitude one.
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig01.05"></A><A NAME="1123"></A>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig01.05"></A><A ID="1123"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 1.5:</STRONG>
Block diagrams for (a) a sinusoidal oscillator; (b) controlling the
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ negative in value.
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig01.06"></A><A NAME="1351"></A>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig01.06"></A><A ID="1351"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 1.6:</STRONG>
Two amplitude functions (parts a, c), and (parts b, d), the result of
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ Suitable amplitude control functions <IMG
WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
SRC="img2.png"
ALT="$y[n]$"> may be made using an
<A NAME="1134"></A><I>envelope generator</I>.
<A ID="1134"></A><I>envelope generator</I>.
Figure <A HREF="#fig01.07">1.7</A> shows a network in which an envelope generator is used to
control the amplitude of an oscillator. Envelope generators vary widely in
design, but we will focus on the simplest
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ Envelope generators are described in more detail in Section <A HREF="node59.html
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig01.07"></A><A NAME="1148"></A>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A ID="fig01.07"></A><A ID="1148"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION ALIGN="BOTTOM"><STRONG>Figure 1.7:</STRONG>
Using an envelope generator to control amplitude.</CAPTION>
@@ -266,36 +266,36 @@ Using an envelope generator to control amplitude.</CAPTION>
<P>
<HR>
<!--Navigation Panel-->
<A NAME="tex2html721"
<A ID="tex2html721"
HREF="node13.html">
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
SRC="next.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html715"
<A ID="tex2html715"
HREF="node7.html">
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
SRC="up.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html709"
<A ID="tex2html709"
HREF="node11.html">
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
SRC="prev.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html717"
<A ID="tex2html717"
HREF="node4.html">
<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
SRC="contents.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html719"
<A ID="tex2html719"
HREF="node201.html">
<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
SRC="index.png"></A>
<BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html722"
<B> Next:</B> <A ID="tex2html722"
HREF="node13.html">Superposing Signals</A>
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html716"
<B> Up:</B> <A ID="tex2html716"
HREF="node7.html">Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html710"
<B> Previous:</B> <A ID="tex2html710"
HREF="node11.html">Frequency</A>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html718"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html718"
HREF="node4.html">Contents</A></B>
&nbsp; <B> <A NAME="tex2html720"
&nbsp; <B> <A ID="tex2html720"
HREF="node201.html">Index</A></B>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<ADDRESS>