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<TITLE>Modulation</TITLE>
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HREF="node76.html">Taxonomy of spectra</A>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00900000000000000000"></A>
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<A NAME="chapter-modulation"></A>
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<BR>
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Modulation
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</H1>
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<P>
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Having taken a two-chapter detour into aspects of control and organization
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in electronic music, we return to describing audio synthesis and processing
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techniques. So far we have seen additive and wavetable-based methods. In this
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chapter we will introduce three so-called <I>modulation</I> techniques:
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<I>amplitude modulation</I>, <I>frequency modulation</I>, and
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<I>waveshaping</I>. The term ``modulation" refers loosely to any technique
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that systematically alters the shape of a waveform by bending its graph
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vertically or horizontally. Modulation is widely used for building synthetic
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sounds with various families of <I>spectra</I>, for which we must develop some
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terminology before getting into the techniques.
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<P>
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<BR><HR>
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1658"
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HREF="node76.html">Taxonomy of spectra</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1659"
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HREF="node77.html">Multiplying audio signals</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1660"
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HREF="node78.html">Waveshaping</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1661"
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HREF="node79.html">Frequency and phase modulation</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1662"
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HREF="node80.html">Examples</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1663"
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HREF="node81.html">Ring modulation and spectra</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1664"
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HREF="node82.html">Octave divider and formant adder</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1665"
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HREF="node83.html">Waveshaping and difference tones</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1666"
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HREF="node84.html">Waveshaping using Chebychev polynomials</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1667"
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HREF="node85.html">Waveshaping using an exponential function</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1668"
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HREF="node86.html">Sinusoidal waveshaping: evenness and oddness</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1669"
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HREF="node87.html">Phase modulation and FM</A>
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</UL>
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<BR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html1670"
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HREF="node88.html">Exercises</A>
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</UL>
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<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
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<BR><HR>
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<ADDRESS>
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Miller Puckette
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2006-12-30
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</ADDRESS>
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